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[No. 39 —Second Serifs— 3000.] 


85 : Li 




Indian Rights Association, 

1305 Arch Street, 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

[From New York EVENING POST, February 1, 1897.] 

INDIAN SCHOOL MANAGEMENT. 


REPLY TO ATTACKS BY CAPTAIN PRATT UPON THE 
INTRODUCTION OF CIVIL SERVICE 
REFORM METHODS. 


Washington, January 29. 

Capt. R. H. Pratt, the army officer who for some years has 
been detailed as Superintendent of the Government Indian 
School at Carlisle, Pa., publishes a monthly paper called the 
Red Man, ostensibly for the purpose of supplying information 
of interest to the white friends of the Indian. This would not 
be a subject of complaint if the information he supplied were 
truth, or if the inferences he drew from his pretended facts were 
honest. The little paper, however, has degenerated into a mere 
vehicle for Capt. Pratt’s personal fault-finding. One article in 
the last number calls for notice. It is entitled “ The Uncivility 
of Civil Service Reform,” and it begins with the statement that— 

Civil Service (sic) in the Indian school service, in March 
next, will have had five years to demonstrate its worth. During 
that time Civil Service in the Indian service has been absolutely 
under the imperious control of two persons—Gen. T. J. Morgan, 
late Commissioner of Indian Affairs, who inaugurated it, and 
Dr. W. N. Hailmann, for more than three years past Superin¬ 
tendent of Indian Schools, who has elaborated and enforced it. 

The article then goes on to show how hollow have been the 
virtuous pretensions of Dr. Hailmann, by taking the statistics of 
the school officers and employees in 1892,—nearly a year before 





2 

Commissioner Morgan went out—comparing them with a corres¬ 
ponding roster made up in 1895, and indicating the number of 
changes which have occurred under an administration outwardly 
committed to Civil Service reform. He shows, for instance, 
that of 103 Superintendents in 1893, only 32 remained in 1895 > 
of 368 teachers receiving salaries of $600 a year and upward, 
only 116; and of 83 matrons receiving like salaries, only 19. 
“All the people in these three positions, ” is his closing fling, 
“ were all this time under the protection of this so-called Civil 
Service.” 

Here is the spoilsman’s old familiar argument, based either on 
ignorance of the law or on wilful misstatement of it, that the 
Civil Service law pretends to “protect” anybody. If Capt. 
Pratt would take the trouble to read the law against which he 
rails, he would discover that only the way into the public service 
is guarded, but that the heads of departments are left as free as 
ever to discharge any one who does not do his work well, or 
who makes himself personally offensive, and that dismissals for 
partisan reasons are the only ones subject to investigation and 
punishment. Neither is there any bar put upon voluntary resig¬ 
nation, and Capt. Pratt has not taken pains to inquire how many 
resignations, transfers, and promotions are included in the 
changes made. 

Until last spring the Civil Service rules were not extended to 
cover any of the persons in the Indian school service except the 
classes just mentioned and the physicians. Capt. Pratt’s figures 
concerning what he would call the “unprotected” classes of 
employees are cunningly put forth, and in a manner calculated 
to deceive readers who are not accustomed to dealing with Civil 
Service matters. He exultantly declares that “a greater show¬ 
ing of the want of protection and utter violation of the promises 
made by the Civil Service may be found” by comparing the 
general lists of employees at any school in 1892 with the list at 
the same school in 1895; and he cites four illustrations, all of 
them extreme cases and widely separated. At the Albuquerque 
school, he says, of 61 employees listed in 1892—in classified and 
in spoils places both, of course—only 4 remained in 1895; at 
Chilocco, of 51, only 4 remained; at Genoa, of 42, only 3; 
and at Salem, “ And all this record is charged, as 


LC Co ntrol Number 



tmp 96 027999 


3 



a cause of offense, against Dr. W. N. Hailmann, the present 
efficient and excellent Superintendent of Indian Schools. 

Now let us compare Capt. Pratt’s statements with the facts. 
In the first place, Dr. Hailmann did not take office till January 
i, 1894. With anything prior to that date he had absolutely 
nothing to do. In 1894 there were on the list of school em¬ 
ployees 89 superintendents. Of these, 63 remained on the list 
of superintendents in 1895, 2 had been transferred to the posi¬ 
tion of principal teacher with promotion, 5 had resigned volun¬ 
tarily, and 19, or nearly 22 per cent., had been relieved for cause. 
In 1896 there remained 51 of the original number in 1894; 1 
had died, 1 had been transferred to the position of principal 
teacher, 4 had resigned, and 6 had been relieved for cause. In 
1895 there were on the list of superintendents 86 names. Of 
these there remained in 1896 71 names; 6, or nearly 7 per cent., 
had been relieved, 4 had resigned voluntarily, 4 had been trans¬ 
ferred to the position of principal teacher, and 1 had died. 

In 1894 there were in the matrons’ service 90 persons receiv¬ 
ing a yearly salary of $600 or more. Of these, in 1895, 62 re ' 
mained in the service, 5 had been transferred to the position of 
teacher, 2 had been transferred to the position of assistant 
matron, 10 had resigned voluntarily, and n—or 12 per cent, of 
the entire number—had been relieved. In 1895 there were 85 
matrons receiving $600 or more a year. Of these, in 1896, 57 
remained in the matrons’ service under the same name; 2 hav¬ 
ing married, remarried under different names and 1 as field 
matron ; 5 had been transferred to teachers’ positions, 10 had 
resigned voluntarily, and 10—or 12 per cent, of the whole num¬ 
ber—had been relieved for cause. 

According to the Indian Office report of 1894, there were 
at Albuquerque 21 employees receiving $500 or more a year; 
of these, in 1895, 8 still remained in the service at Albu¬ 
querque, 8 had been promoted or transferred for climatic reasons, 
2 had resigned, and 3 had been relieved. In 1895, there 
were at this school 21 employees of the same class; of these, 
15 remained in the school in 1896, 5 had been promoted or 
transferred for climatic reasons, and 1 had resigned. 

In the report for 1894 Chilocco is credited with 26 employees 
of this class; of these, in 1895, there remained at the school 12, 




4 


5 had been promoted, 2 had been transferred, 4 had resigned, 
and 3 had been relieved. In 1895 there were 30, of whom 24 
remained at the close of 1896, while 1 had been promoted, 4 
transferred, and 1 relieved. 

In the report for 1894, Genoa is credited with 22 employees 
of the $500 class ; only 8 remained, it is true, at the close of 
1895 ) b ut only one of the changes was a dismissal. Of the 
rest, 6 had been transferred and 3 promoted; 2 had resigned, 
and 2 positions had been discontinued. In 1895 there were 18 
of this class ; 10 of them remained at the close of 1896, 3 
having been transferred and 1 promoted, 3 having resigned and 

1 having been relieved. 

In the report for 1894, Salem is credited with 18 employees of 
the $500 class. Of these, at the end of 1895, 8 remained ; 2 had 
been promoted and 1 transferred, 3 had resigned, and 3 had 
been relieved. In 1895, this school was credited with 18 of the 
same class; in 1896, 7 remained; 1 had been promoted and 3 
transferred, 2 had resigned, 4 had been relieved, and 1 position 
had been discontinued. 

So much for the schools mentioned by name in Capt. Pratt’s 
article. But how is it with some of the larger schools of the 
same class which he omits with the insinuation that they are no 
better situated ? Fort Shaw, in 1894, had 19 employees of the 
$500 class. At the end of 1895, 10 remained, 5 had resigned, 

2 had been promoted, and 2 relieved. In 1895, there were 20, 
of whom 17 remained at the close of 1896, 3 having resigned. 
In 1894, Phoenix had 16; 12 remained through 1895, 1 having 
been transferred, and 3 having resigned. In 1895, there were 
12, of whom 11 remained through 1896, 1 having been trans¬ 
ferred. In 1894, Santa Fe had 11 employees receiving $480 or 
more a year; 5 remained through 1895, 1 had been promoted, 
2 transferred, and 3 had resigned. In 1895, there were 18 of 
the $480 class, of whom 10 remained through 1896, 3 positions 
having been discontinued, and 3 employees transferred, and 2 
employees having resigned. In 1894, Haskell had 34 employees 
of the $500 class, of whom 27 remained through 1895, 1 posi¬ 
tion having been discontinued, while 3 employees had been 
promoted, 2 had resigned, and 1 had been relieved. In 1895, 
there were 38, of whom 29 remained through 1896, 2 positions 


5 


having been discontinued, while 2 employees had been trans¬ 
ferred, 3 had resigned, and 2 had been relieved. 

Every “ resignation ” here mentioned was a voluntary resigna¬ 
tion. All the persons whose resignations were requested have 
been classed in these statistics as “relieved.” The reason for 
choosing the higher classes of employees for comparison is that 
these filled the more important places in the schools, and were 
therefore more directly under the supervision of Dr. Hailmann 
in his capacity as an educator. The servants and lesser em¬ 
ployees have under all administrations, until the larger part of 
them were brought under the Civil Service rules by the Presi¬ 
dent’s orders of last year, been the prey of the spoilsmen and 
patronage mongers. Every one who knows Dr. Hailmann can 
answer for it that, had he been empowered by law with the 
regulation of the entire school service, he would have done all 
that could be done to make the tenure of every class of em¬ 
ployees permanent during useful service and good behavior. 
Nobody knows this better than Capt. Pratt. 

In the one illustration which the Captain draws from his own 
experience to prove the evils of the merit system in the Civil 
Service, he asserts that— 

Within a few days he has been informed by the Office of 
Indian Affairs that the Civil Service (/. <?., the Superintendent 
of Indian Schools) will select and send to him such petty em¬ 
ployees as one assistant seamstress and two assistant laundresses; 
these to replace employees who have been months in the service 
of the school, and who have been endorsed to the Indian Office 
as proving satisfactory, but who have not passed the curriculum 
of the Civil Service examinations. 

Another artful trick of words. The whole cause of Capt. 
Pratt’s disgruntlement in this case is that, after he had employed 
certain persons of his own choosing in the positions named, he 
was reminded by the Indian Office that emergency appointees of 
this sort could be carried on the rolls, under the Civil Service 
rules, only ninety days in any one year, and that he would have 
to fill their places with eligibles from the registers of the Civil 
Service Commission. Other schools are subject to precisely the 
same rule, yet from none of them come these doleful plaints. 
On the contrary, the general testimony of the most successful 


6 


schoolmen in the service is that the average efficiency of em¬ 
ployees appointed under the competitive merit system so far 
exceeds that of the persons appointed under the old feudal plan 
as to render comparisons absurd. Pratt’s preference as to the 
manner of choosing employees is shown in the bid he makes for 
favor after the 4th of March. After describing the way Repub¬ 
lican administrations have turned out Democratic employees to 
make places for Republicans, and Democratic administrations 
have turned out Republican employees to make places for Demo¬ 
crats, he adds: 

Now, in carrying out the expressed will of the people it seems 
to us equally necessary and proper that the Republicans should 
have the aid of officials and employees who are in sympathy with 
the plans of the party, and not be forced to use those who were 
selected and put in place to carry out a reverse policy. 

. No, it is not “Tom” Platt who speaks, or “Dick” Croker, 
or “ Abe ” Gruber; it is Capt. Pratt, a spared monument of the 
mercy of an administration whose motives he has persistently 
assailed with misrepresentation. 


F. E. L. 





























































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